Research Staff, Author at Demokratiezentrum für Transparenz

\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 36 of 41 Previous 1 … 35 36 37 … 41 Next

\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 36 of 41 Previous 1 … 35 36 37 … 41 Next

\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 36 of 41 Previous 1 … 35 36 37 … 41 Next

\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 36 of 41 Previous 1 … 35 36 37 … 41 Next

\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 36 of 41 Previous 1 … 35 36 37 … 41 Next

\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Nachdem sie 1956^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00ab Des informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires massives, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, de torture pendant les interrogatoires, de disparitions forc\u00e9es\u2026 \u00bb, souligne un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[33]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup\/people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/971526<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/angolatransparency.blog\/2016\/05\/04\/angola-herminio-escorcio-e-o-27-de-maio-de-1977-2\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.club-k.net\/~clubknet\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32131:27-de-maio-de-1977-agostinho-neto-nao-passava-de-um-lider-covarde-william-tonet&catid=17:opiniao&lang=pt&Itemid=1067<\/a> ; https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a346037.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[40]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/biography.yourdictionary.com\/jose-eduardo-dos-santos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/peoplepill.com\/people\/isabel-dos-santos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[42]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.fundacionfesa.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[50]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.penspen.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[56]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[57]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/ww.thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/24\/04\/2018\/UDC-signs-deals-worth-QR334m-for-Gewan-Island-development<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[58]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/metenders.com\/project_cms\/project\/abraj-quartier-residential-project-the-pearl-qatar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mercenaires, agents priv\u00e9s, instructeurs\u2026 Les noms changent pour d\u00e9signer les paramilitaires russes en mission en Centrafrique. Ils sont dans le pays \u00e0 la demande du pouvoir et leur mission vise officiellement \u00e0 former les forces arm\u00e9es centrafricaines. Mais depuis plusieurs semaines, des rapports d\u00e9noncent de graves violations des droits de l\u2019Homme imputables aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes lors d\u2019op\u00e9rations conjointes avec des soldats centrafricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Des informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires massives, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, de torture pendant les interrogatoires, de disparitions forc\u00e9es\u2026 \u00bb, souligne un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
Un groupe d\u2019experts des Nations unies s\u2019est alarm\u00e9 de l\u2019augmentation du recrutement et de l\u2019utilisation, par le gouvernement de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA), d\u2019entreprises militaires et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. En cause notamment de possibles exactions dans le cadre d\u2019une mission totalement opaque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mercenaires, agents priv\u00e9s, instructeurs\u2026 Les noms changent pour d\u00e9signer les paramilitaires russes en mission en Centrafrique. Ils sont dans le pays \u00e0 la demande du pouvoir et leur mission vise officiellement \u00e0 former les forces arm\u00e9es centrafricaines. Mais depuis plusieurs semaines, des rapports d\u00e9noncent de graves violations des droits de l\u2019Homme imputables aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes lors d\u2019op\u00e9rations conjointes avec des soldats centrafricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Des informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires massives, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, de torture pendant les interrogatoires, de disparitions forc\u00e9es\u2026 \u00bb, souligne un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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originally published:<\/em> 05 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.journaldebangui.com\/rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Un groupe d\u2019experts des Nations unies s\u2019est alarm\u00e9 de l\u2019augmentation du recrutement et de l\u2019utilisation, par le gouvernement de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA), d\u2019entreprises militaires et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. En cause notamment de possibles exactions dans le cadre d\u2019une mission totalement opaque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mercenaires, agents priv\u00e9s, instructeurs\u2026 Les noms changent pour d\u00e9signer les paramilitaires russes en mission en Centrafrique. Ils sont dans le pays \u00e0 la demande du pouvoir et leur mission vise officiellement \u00e0 former les forces arm\u00e9es centrafricaines. Mais depuis plusieurs semaines, des rapports d\u00e9noncent de graves violations des droits de l\u2019Homme imputables aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes lors d\u2019op\u00e9rations conjointes avec des soldats centrafricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Des informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires massives, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, de torture pendant les interrogatoires, de disparitions forc\u00e9es\u2026 \u00bb, souligne un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[79]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/news\/details\/head-of-state-inaugurates-new-national-assembly-building-?org=news<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.privatebanking.com\/directory\/europe-switzerland-geneva-cointrin\/islamic-banking\/dar-al-maal-al-islami-trust<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[98]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DMI_Trust<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/swiss-banks-set-sights-on-muslim-customers\/3027172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.scio.gov.cn\/32618\/Document\/1645869\/1645869.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.linformale.eu\/3260-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.agi.it\/estero\/news\/2020-02-25\/morto-presidente-egitto-mubarak-primavera-araba-7209543\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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$\"\"$ <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
originally published:<\/em> 05 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.journaldebangui.com\/rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Un groupe d\u2019experts des Nations unies s\u2019est alarm\u00e9 de l\u2019augmentation du recrutement et de l\u2019utilisation, par le gouvernement de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine (RCA), d\u2019entreprises militaires et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 priv\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res. En cause notamment de possibles exactions dans le cadre d\u2019une mission totalement opaque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mercenaires, agents priv\u00e9s, instructeurs\u2026 Les noms changent pour d\u00e9signer les paramilitaires russes en mission en Centrafrique. Ils sont dans le pays \u00e0 la demande du pouvoir et leur mission vise officiellement \u00e0 former les forces arm\u00e9es centrafricaines. Mais depuis plusieurs semaines, des rapports d\u00e9noncent de graves violations des droits de l\u2019Homme imputables aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes lors d\u2019op\u00e9rations conjointes avec des soldats centrafricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Des informations font \u00e9tat d\u2019ex\u00e9cutions sommaires massives, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires, de torture pendant les interrogatoires, de disparitions forc\u00e9es\u2026 \u00bb, souligne un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ces exactions auraient eu lieu ces derniers mois dans le cadre d\u2019une contre-offensive visant \u00e0 sauver le pouvoir du pr\u00e9sident Faustin Archange Touad\u00e9ra. Les forces gouvernementales, assist\u00e9es par leurs alli\u00e9s rwandais et russes, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 repousser l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des rebelles et lib\u00e9rer la plupart des villes occup\u00e9es en d\u00e9cembre par les groupes arm\u00e9s qui contr\u00f4lent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les deux-tiers du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mais les conditions d\u2019intervention et le r\u00f4le exact des agents russes ne sont pas clairement d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si les rapports \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par le groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU ne laissent aucun doute sur de graves violations des droits humains, il est tr\u00e8s difficile d\u2019en \u00e9tablir les responsabilit\u00e9s. Le groupe de travail sur les mercenaires d\u00e9plore le manque de cadre, l\u2019absence d\u2019enqu\u00eates et se dit profond\u00e9ment pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le m\u00e9lange des genres entre les op\u00e9rations civiles, militaires et celles de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab Les liens \u00e9troits entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs, ainsi que le manque de transparence, compromettent encore plus les chances de mener une enqu\u00eate impartiale \u00bb<\/em>, un groupe d\u2019experts de l\u2019ONU dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les experts ind\u00e9pendants demandent la clarification du r\u00f4le des partenaires internationaux, ce qui permettrait de rendre des comptes. Ils mettent en garde contre \u00ab les contacts \u00e9troits \u00bb entre les personnels des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires priv\u00e9es russes, notamment ceux du groupe Wagner, et les forces de l\u2019ONU, dont les t\u00e2ches sont d\u00e9finies par un mandat international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans un communiqu\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 par le Haut-Commissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve, les experts font \u00e9tat de r\u00e9unions coordonn\u00e9es en pr\u00e9sence de \u00ab conseillers russes \u00bb<\/em> et d\u2019\u00e9vacuations m\u00e9dicales de \u00ab formateurs russes \u00bb<\/em> bless\u00e9s vers les bases de la Minusca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e8s de 12 000 casques bleus de la force de maintien de la paix de la Mission de l\u2019ONU en Centrafrique sont pr\u00e9sents dans le pays depuis 2014, notamment pour prot\u00e9ger les civils, \u00e9viter les abus et lutter contre l\u2019impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","post_title":"RCA : des experts de l\u2019ONU s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent du r\u00f4le des paramilitaires russes","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"rca-des-experts-de-lonu-sinquietent-du-role-des-paramilitaires-russes","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4687","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4654,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:30:52","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 23 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2021\/03\/23\/abiy-ahmed-we-don-t-want-war-with-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said Tuesday his country did not want war with Sudan, as tensions over a contested region along their border spark fears of broader conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Ethiopia also has many problems, and we are not ready to go to battle. We don't need war. It is better to settle it in a peaceful manner,\" Abiy told parliament in remarks translated into English for a live TV broadcast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
He stressed later that Ethiopia \"did not want war\" with their neighbour over this decades-old territorial dispute, describing Sudan as a \"brotherly country\" whose people loved Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The border quarrel is over Al-Fashaqa,<\/a> an agricultural area sandwiched between two rivers, where Ethiopia's northern Amhara and Tigray regions meet Sudan's eastern Gedaref state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fertile farmland is claimed by both countries and has been a flashpoint for conflict, most recently as fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray region sent some 60,000 refugees fleeing into Sudan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Tuesday, Sudan accepted a United Arab Emirates mediation proposal in an attempt to reduce tensions with Ethiopia over a border dispute and Addis Ababa's construction of a dam on the Nile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As violence in Ethiopia came closer, Khartoum sent troops into the Al-Fashaqa region, \"to recapture the stolen lands and take up positions on the international lines,\" Sudan's state media reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In December, Khartoum dispatched reinforcements to Al-Fashaqa after \"Ethiopian forces and militias\" allegedly ambushed Sudanese troops, killing at least four soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A string of deadly clashes followed, with both sides trading accusations of violence and territorial violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sudan has in recent weeks claimed to have regained control of large swathes of the region, insisting it had always fallen within its boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meanwhile, Addis Ababa accused Khartoum of having \"invaded land that is part of Ethiopia's territory\", warning it would resort to a military response if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The tit-for-tat exchanges stoked fears of a wider conflict erupting between the regional rivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It comes amid tension over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, a mega-dam on the Blue Nile, which downriver Khartoum and Cairo view as a threat to their water supply.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Ethiopia's leader Abiy Ahmed says 'we don't want war' with Sudan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ethiopias-leader-abiy-ahmed-says-we-dont-want-war-with-sudan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4654","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4652,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:23:59","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 22 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foreign ministers from both countries held talks in Doha, Qatar, on Sunday, on the resumption of ties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"After intensive contacts over the past week and with much appreciated support from the Sultanate of Oman, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Qatar decided to resume diplomatic ties,\" the Mauritanian state news agency quoted a statement<\/a> from the foreign affairs ministry as saying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThey [the two ministers] reviewed bilateral cooperation relations and the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two brotherly countries\u201d, the Qatar News Agency tweeted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The West African country cut links with Qatar in 2017, over allegations that it supported terrorists, following the lead of other Arab powers, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates that had done the same.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania and Qatar resume diplomatic ties","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritania-and-qatar-resume-diplomatic-ties","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4652","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4648,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-28 21:22:21","post_content":"\n
originally published:<\/em> 11 March 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/cnx753jejv7t\/mauritania<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering and unexplained wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz who held office from 2008 to 2019 spent Tuesday night and Wednesday in custody at the national security headquarters were he was interrogated in the corruption case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prosecutors have asked for Mr Ould Abdelaziz to be placed under court supervision until further investigations are complete and a court hearing is decided, local media report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Former officials who served under Mr Ould Abdelaziz were also charged with various offences in the same case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The former president denies any wrongdoing and says the accusations against him are \"politically motivated\". He had refused to sign the minutes of his interrogation by the anti-corruption officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It all started when a parliamentary commission investigating mismanagement of state funds during Mr Ould Abdelaiz's time in office submitted its report to the ministry of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mr Ould Abdelaziz has refused to answer questions so far, and says that as a former president the constitution grants him immunity from prosecution.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Mauritania's ex-president charged with corruption","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"mauritanias-ex-president-charged-with-corruption","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4648","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4605,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-25 21:49:19","post_content":"\n
\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt des Libanon, 2.750 Tonnen Ammoniumnitrat (aufgrund ihrer Gef\u00e4hrlichkeit)^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>, die 2013 von einem russischen}^{[2]<\/sup><\/a> Schiff beschlagnahmt wurden}^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>, und im Hafen wegen des Bankrotts seines Besitzers und ohne Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen in einem Hangar der Zolldienste lagen}^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>. Es war eine Explosion, die einem Erdbeben gleichkam, bei dem etwa 200 Menschen get\u00f6tet, \u00fcber 7.000 verletzt und die H\u00e4user von 300.000 Einwohnern der Stadt zerst\u00f6rt wurden}^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ungeachtet der \u00dcberlegungen zu den sehr schwerwiegenden Fehlern der Hafenverwaltung, hat diese Trag\u00f6die eine weitere unheilbare Wunde im st\u00e4dtischen Gef\u00fcge einer Stadt verursacht, die seit etwa hundert Jahren Opfer von Kriegen und politischen Angriffen aller Art ist und daher eine privilegierte Arena darstellt f\u00fcr jene Unternehmen, die nach jeder Katastrophe zum Wiederaufbau aufgerufen sind. Was wir erz\u00e4hlen, ist die Geschichte des \u00e4ltesten und bekanntesten unter diesen libanesischen Bauunternehmen: der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe der Shair-Familie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diese Geschichte zeigt eine \u00e4hnliche Entwicklung wie der Bauboom in der Dritten Welt, aber auch die in den durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zerst\u00f6rten europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern: Um die industriellen Prozesse eines Landes zu regeln, das sich im Wiederaufbau befindet, ist eine \u201eakzeptable<\/em>\u201c^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Form der Korruption erforderlich. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt sich noch deutlicher in einigen L\u00e4ndern der Dritten Welt, in denen es keine staatliche Sozialpolitik gibt (weil es eine Diktatur ist, weil das Land arm ist, weil es aus einem katastrophalen B\u00fcrgerkrieg hervorgeht) und die Herrschaft \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren Ressourcen den einzigen Bewegungsgrund ist, warum jeglicher Investor bereit ist, irgendetwas zu tun.}^{[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Geschichte der libanesischen Gruppe Dar Al-Handasah ^{[8]<\/sup><\/a> wurde auf diese Weise geboren: aus einem gl\u00fccklichen Anfang, dank der g\u00fcnstigen Zeit f\u00fcr Bauunternehmen im Libanon und im gesamten Nahen Osten, und vier junge M\u00e4nner, die seit dem Kindertagen Freunde waren}^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Der Gr\u00fcnder, Kamal A. Shair}^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>, ist ein vision\u00e4rer Ingenieur (\"Von dem Moment an, als ich Dar Al-Handasah gr\u00fcndete, dachte ich daran, dass das Unternehmen zu etwas werden sollte, das noch lange nach meiner Arbeit weiter florieren w\u00fcrde - und tats\u00e4chlich diese Erde verlasse<\/em>\"}^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>) der sich durch seine Entschlossenheit und die F\u00e4higkeit auszeichnet, Freundschaften und berufliche Beziehungen zu kn\u00fcpfen, unter Verwendung von Charisma, der Qualit\u00e4t seiner Arbeit, aber auch (falls erforderlich) der Korruption - beginnend in der eigenen Heimat und dann weltweit expandierend}^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>, bis zum Hauptpunkt, bis hin zu einigen umstrittenen Bauauftr\u00e4gen f\u00fcr die CIA und das US-Verteidigungsministerium.}^{[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Geboren im Westjordanland in dem kleinen Dorf Es-Salt (bekannt f\u00fcr die Verw\u00fcstung durch die Schlacht um Transjordanien zwischen den Briten und den Osmanen am Ostersamstag 1918, in der friedlich lebende Christen und Muslime gemeinsam massakriert wurden, weil sie sich den T\u00fcrken widersetzten ^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>), erkennt er, wie in Zeiten des Aufruhrs ein internationales Ingenieur-, Architektur- und Planungsunternehmen notwendig ist, dass in der Lage ist, die Konkurrenz r\u00fccksichtslos zu bek\u00e4mpfen}^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beirut 1956, vier Jungen und ein Traum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{\u00a0\u00a0 Die Gr\u00fcnder von Dar Al-Handasah. Abgesehen von Kamal Shair (dritter von links) wurden die anderen aus ihren Biografien gestrichen<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Gesch\u00e4ftsidee und seine Weltanschauung gehen Hand in Hand mit seiner politischen Ideologie: Dank seines Studiums an der American University of Beirut, wo er seinen Abschluss machte^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>, tr\u00e4umt er von einer Zukunft in einer emanzipierten, fortschrittlichen und demokratischen Gesellschaft, die von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen angetrieben wird - welche das Merkmales Zeichen der sozialen Offenheit, des Umweltschutzes, der Innovation und der Hochschulbildung h\u00e4tten}^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Die vier Freunde wurden zu Freunde und Beratern von Staatsoberh\u00e4uptern, Intellektuellen, Soldaten, Denkern und Politikern, die den Traum einer neuen \u00c4ra f\u00fcr den Nahen Osten teilten}^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>: fast eine Utopie, in den von B\u00fcrgerkrieg und Korruption gepr\u00e4gten Gebieten. Wenn man Kamal A. Shairs Charisma dazu rechnet, wird die Anziehungskraft seines Industrieprojekts immer fester. Er nennt es Dar Al-Handasah, \"Die Heimat der Ingenieure<\/em>\"}^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nachdem sie 1956 ^{[20]<\/sup><\/a> auf den Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zusammen aufgewachsen waren, in denselben R\u00e4umen studiert und Tr\u00e4ume und N\u00f6te geteilt hatten, gr\u00fcndeten vier sehr junge Professoren der American University of Beirut}^{[21]<\/sup><\/a> genau in dieser Hauptstadt, Beirut, ein Ingenieurb\u00fcro, welcher, in jenem historischen Moment, eine absolute Avantgarde in der Bauindustrie war}^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>. Es gibt eine Welt zu erdenken und zu erbauen \u2013 und dies taten alle, mit so einer Inbrunst, dass Beirut damals die \"Goldene Schweiz\"}^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>genannt wurde. Das Jahr 1958 ist den Wendepunkt f\u00fcr die Firma. Dank des Vertrags \u00fcber den ersten Gro\u00dfauftrag in Kuwait (ein Kraftwerk), beginnt den Aufstieg von Dar Al-Handasah explosionsartig}^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>, mit nachfolgenden Projekten im Nahen Osten, in den L\u00e4ndern des Golfkooperationsrates (GCC) und in Afrika. Heute kontrolliert die Gruppe 47 internationale B\u00fcros au\u00dferhalb vom Lebanon.}^{[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Zehn Jahre sp\u00e4ter, in den fr\u00fchen 1970er Jahren, \u00e4ndert Dar Al Handasah seinen Namen in Dar Al-Handasah Shair und Partner: nun ist Kamal A. Shair der unbestrittene Anf\u00fchrer des Unternehmens geworden, er hat seine Freunde aus Kindertagen verdr\u00e4ngt und beschlie\u00dft ^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>, 60% der Aktien der Holding an leitende Angestellte zu verkaufen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre ausgezeichnet haben; eine symbolische Geste, eine Botschaft der absoluten Bindung zwischen denen, die das Herz des Unternehmens bilden, ein \"magischer Kreis<\/em>\", der sich abhebt, und nationale Elite geworden ist, nachdem die Familie von Suleiman Franjieh die Macht im Libanon und in Syrien erobert hat und die Epizentrum einer panarabischen wirtschaftlichen Triebkraft darstellt, die aus der Dem\u00fctigung im Sechs-Tage-Krieg hervorgegangen ist}^{[27]<\/sup><\/a>: eine Welle, die Kamal A. Shair meisterhaft reitet und womit er wichtige und profitable Vertr\u00e4ge in Nigeria, Algerien, Katar}^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>, und \u00fcberall in Naher Osten}^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>, nach und nach gewinnt, so dass die Gruppe ihr Gesch\u00e4ft auf alle Bausektoren ausweiten kann: Wohnen, Verkehr, Industrie und Dienstleistungen.}^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe geh\u00f6rt zu den Anf\u00fchrern der goldenen Jahre des libanesischen Aufbaus, des Wiederaufbaus nach 25 Jahren B\u00fcrgerkrieg ^{[31]<\/sup><\/a> - eine Modernisierung, die erst 1991}^{[32]<\/sup><\/a> abgeschlossen sein wird. Heute geh\u00f6rt Dar Al-Handasah weltweit zu den renommiertesten Unternehmen im Bereich Architekturdesign}^{[33]<\/sup><\/a> und ist einer der gr\u00f6\u00dften Arbeitgeber im Libanon}^{[34]<\/sup><\/a>. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht ohne Konsequenzen \u2013 Die Gruppe wird in drei Gerichtsbarkeiten auf Korruption untersucht: Angola}^{[35]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c4gypten}^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Libanon}^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> und schlie\u00dflich, aufgrund eines schweren Unfalls (wegen des Baus ohne die erforderlichen Sicherheitsma\u00dfnahmen) auch in Saudi-Arabien}^{[38]<\/sup><\/a>. Heute ist bekannt, dass Dar Al-Handasah dank seiner Freundschaft mit einem angolanischen Guerillak\u00e4mpfer, der sp\u00e4ter Pr\u00e4sident wurde (Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos), in den 70er Jahren auch Auftr\u00e4ge erhielt, die von der Sowjetunion bezahlt und von demjenigen garantiert wurden, der heute beschuldigt wird, ein ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des KGB zu sein - Herminio Joaquin Escorcio}^{[39]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Freundschaft mit Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Herminio Escorcio (zweiter links) und Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos (f\u00fcnfter), beide sehr jung, bei einem offiziellen Besuch in der DDR<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die ersten Schritte zum Erfolg waren auch solche, die von Korruptionsereignissen begleitet wurden, beginnend mit einer der aufschwungsreichen Regierungen (dank der gro\u00dfen Mineralvorkommen) jener Jahre: dem Angola von Pr\u00e4sident Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \"Zedu\" Dos Santos^{[40]<\/sup><\/a> und von seiner Tochter Isabel}^{[41]<\/sup><\/a>, die durch eines der wichtigsten Korruptionsmittel dieses Clans - die FESA-Stiftung (Founda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola)}^{[42]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 gepusht wurde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich die Freundschaftsbindung zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos dank der konvergierenden wirtschaftlichen Interessen gest\u00e4rkt: Nach den Untersuchungen des ICIJ ^{[43]<\/sup><\/a> und von Global Witness}^{[44]<\/sup><\/a> ist die Familie Dos Santos nach dem Ende des B\u00fcrgerkriegs in einer schweren Liquidit\u00e4tskrise}^{[45]<\/sup><\/a> geraten und akzeptierte garantierte Kredite f\u00fcr \u00d6l, die voraussichtlich aus Sonangol}^{[46]<\/sup><\/a> gewonnen worden w\u00e4ren (was bis heute das Risiko birgt, die \u00fcberschuldete staatliche \u00d6lgesellschaft ins Konkurs zu st\u00fcrzen}^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>). Aber diese Kredite landen nicht alle in den Staatskassen: Einige Summen werden auf ein UBS-Konto in Jersey \u00fcberwiesen - Geld, das nie wieder gefunden wurde, weil sie \u00fcber die Londoner Filiale der Arab Bank}^{[48]<\/sup><\/a> abgewickelt wurden. Genau dort, wo die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe ihre Bankkonten hat, und von woher sie sofort an einen anderen Ort \u00fcbertragen wurden}^{[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein Teil wurde zur Finanzierung eines Kontos der Tochtergesellschaft Penspen International Holding Ltd. in Hongkong ^{[50]<\/sup><\/a> verwendet, die der Firma Qatar Petroleum erm\u00f6glichte}^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>, mehrere Vertr\u00e4ge im Iran (ohne direkt zu erscheinen), \u00fcber die Gr\u00fcndung eines Konsortiums mit der \u00d6lhandelsgesellschaft Initial Oil, zu unterzeichnen. Initial Oil ist wiederum von einem pers\u00f6nlichen Assistenten von Kamal A. Shair kontrolliert: erneut der ehemalige Mitarbeiter des KGB, jetzt angolanischer Botschafter (und Freund von Jos\u00e9 Eduardo \u201eZedu\u201c Dos Santos), der bereits erw\u00e4hnte Herminio Joaquin Escorcio.}^{[52]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies erkl\u00e4rt auch die Verbindung zu Katar, wo Dar Al-Handasah einen institutionellen Sitz hat ^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>, genau wie in Abu Dhabi}^{[54]<\/sup><\/a> - die Familie Shair schafft es immer, mit allen auszukommen. In Doha schafft aber Dar Al-Handasah eines seiner Meisterwerke. Es ist die Rede von Investitionszahlen, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1989 und 2004}^{[55]<\/sup><\/a> weit \u00fcber 3 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcbersteigen - Geld, das f\u00fcr die Verwaltung des Auftrags f\u00fcr eines der gr\u00f6\u00dften Bauprojekte in Katar verwendet wurde: \"The Pearl\"}^{[56]<\/sup><\/a> (siehe das Er\u00f6ffnungsfoto dieses Artikels), die in der Schaffung von zwei Halbinseln}^{[57]<\/sup><\/a> f\u00fcr die Reichen mit 10 riesigen Wohngeb\u00e4uden besteht, die aus 40 T\u00fcrmen}^{[58]<\/sup><\/a> bestehen, die jeweils mit einem Platz f\u00fcr Boote, Superm\u00e4rkte, Turnhallen und sogar eine Moschee ausgestattet sind, und v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig sind, sowohl f\u00fcr Trinkwasser (aus dem Meer gefiltert) als auch f\u00fcr Energie (Sonnenkollektoren und Erdw\u00e4rmsysteme).}^{[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die von Dar Al-Handasah gezahlte Beratung an Mittelm\u00e4nner (m\u00f6glicherweise Bestechungsgelder) w\u00fcrde sich auf rund 100 Millionen Dollar belaufen, verglichen mit einem Gewinn von etwa 16 Milliarden Dollar f\u00fcr Architekturprojekte und Bauarbeiten, sowie etwa 4 Milliarden Dollar \u00fcber einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren f\u00fcr die sp\u00e4tere Verwaltung der Infrastruktur ^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine tausend und eine Nacht Angelegenheit. Diese 100 Millionen flossen laut internationalen NGOs \u00fcber ein anderes Bankkonto in Jersey, dass libanesischen Managern von Vermittlern in Katar}^{[61]<\/sup><\/a> vorgeschlagen wurde. Auch in diesem Fall ist einer dieser Vermittler der ehemalige CEO von Sonangol}^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>, Escorcio}^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>: jener Assistent von Kamal A. Shair}^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>, der dank seinem Libanesischer Chef Botschafter in \u00d6sterreich, der Schweiz, Algerien, Argentinien, \u00c4gypten, Deutschland, Portugal, Libyen, Tunesien und Vereinigte Arabische Emirate wurde}^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Familie Dos Santos hat seit dem Ende des angolanischen B\u00fcrgerkriegs das Bausystem durch die freundlichen und korrupten Unternehmen kontrolliert, die sie unterst\u00fctzen: Der Bausektor ist eng mit den sozialen Bed\u00fcrfnissen und der Politik als Symbol und Faktor f\u00fcr Wachstum und Emanzipation der Nation verbunden. Wenn man die Kontrolle \u00fcber die ersteren hat, hat man die Macht und den Respekt der lokalen Oligarchien ^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Ziel ist es, eine Art Bourgeoisie mit oligarchischen Funktionen zu schaffen (bestehend aus den Anf\u00fchrern der an der Macht befindlichen Partei}^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>, der MPLA}^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>, und hochrangigen Offizieren}^{[69]<\/sup><\/a> der Armee wie General H\u00e9lder Vieira Dias \"Kopelipa\"}^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>, sowie einigen Kadern von Sonangol}^{[71]<\/sup><\/a> und FESA}^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>), derer Aufgabe es ist, Angolas wirtschaftliches und infrastrukturelles Wachstum zu kontrollieren - ein Entwurf, wovon Dar Al-Handasah schon immer Bestandteil war.}^{[73]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Herminio Joaquin Escorcio und der angolanische Bauboom<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Ein Blick auf das Luanda-Viertel (eine Million Sozialwohnungen), das Dar Al-Handasah zwischen 2006 und 2012 gebaut hat<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Weil Angola es auch eilig hat zu wachsen. Im Jahr 2006 brauchte die Hauptstadt Luanda aufgrund der zunehmenden Verst\u00e4dterung der Bev\u00f6lkerung, die dem Elend des l\u00e4ndlichen Raums entkam und Gl\u00fcck in der Stadt suchte, blitzartig schnell neue Wohnungen^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Zedu suchte Hilfe in Russland, in den USA und bei den portugiesischen Freunden seiner Tochter Isabel - erfolglos. Der Legende nach, \u00e4nderten sich die Dinge eines Tages im Jahr 1984, als Ronald Reagan (damals ein Freund des Libanon}^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>) zusammen mit dem libanesischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Amin Gemayel}^{[76]<\/sup><\/a> (Chef der maronitischen christlichen Phalanx}^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>) Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos dem Kamal A. Shair}^{[78]<\/sup><\/a> vorgestellt hatte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Legende. Shair und Zedu m\u00fcssen sich schon lange vorher gekannt haben, denn Kamal nahm am angolanischen ^{[79]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fcrgerkrieg teil und traf sich mit Sicherheit auch mit Zedu. Es wird gesagt, dass Kamal im Fr\u00fchjahr 1979 in einem Privatjet durch den angolanischen Busch hin und her fuhr, um Medizinen und Munitionen f\u00fcr die Rebellen, im Austausch f\u00fcr Vereinbarungen \u00fcber die Ausbeutung der Uran-, Diamant- und Goldminen nach dem Krieg}^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>, zu bringen. Wie auch immer, Kamal A. Shair ist der erste Bauunternehmer, der Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos}^{[81]<\/sup><\/a> Hilfe verspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Nach dem Angolakrieg bietet Kamal, zusammen mit seinem Assistenten Herminio Escorcio, seine Hilfe bei jeglichen Verhandlungen \u00fcber den Verkauf von \u00d6l und Gas an, bis dieser zum Vermittler vieler Entwicklungsprojekte geworden ist, die auch von den Chinesen finanziert werden, wie zum Beispiel die \u201eGro\u00dfe Stra\u00dfe\u201c, die von Port Said ^{[82]<\/sup><\/a> zu den H\u00e4fen von Rio Kongo f\u00fchrt, insbesondere nach Port Matadi}^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>, dass von den Franzosen der Bollor\u00e9-Gruppe}^{[84]<\/sup><\/a> mit chinesischem Geld gebaut wurde und das Sortierzentrum f\u00fcr Produkte sein sollte, die aus der reichsten an \u00d6lfeldern Region in Angola stammen, der Provinz Cabinda}^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Kamals Gl\u00fcck beruht also haupts\u00e4chlich auf seinen Beziehungsf\u00e4higkeiten und seinen unternehmerischen Inbrunst: Es ist kein Zufall, dass die \u00e4gyptische Armee, bei der Wahl eines F\u00fchrers f\u00fcr den Putsch, genau Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi ^{[86]<\/sup><\/a> auserw\u00e4hlt hat: einen der besten und engsten Freunde von Kamal A. Shair, gew\u00e4hlter Stabschef der Armee und der Geheimdienste}^{[87]<\/sup><\/a>, dann Verteidigungsminister}^{[88]<\/sup><\/a> und auf jeden Fall einer der vertrauensw\u00fcrdigen M\u00e4nner von Herminio Joaquim Escorcio, als er angolanischer Botschafter in Kairo war.}^{[89]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
In den 90er Jahren weicht Kamal, heute ein \u00e4lterer Mann, seinem Sohn Talal ^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>, der wie sein Vater ein intelligenter Mann mit einer guten Gesch\u00e4ftsnase und sehr guten Beziehungen ist. Talal ist daher f\u00fcr die L\u00f6sung des Problems der Wohnungsnot in Luanda verantwortlich \u2013 er tut dies mit einem unglaublichen Vorschlag: Dar Al-Handasah baut 1 Million H\u00e4user und das neue Nationalversammlungspalast}^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>, wodurch das Projekt beim Pr\u00e4sidenten als politischer Sieg einvernommen wird, aber mit dem investierten Geld der Familie Shair stattfand}^{[92]<\/sup><\/a>. Offensichtlich akzeptiert Dos Santos den Vorschlag und er\u00f6ffnet 2012 voller Stolz das Bauprogramm \"Minha casa, meu sonho\" (Mein Haus, mein Traum)}^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>, dessen tats\u00e4chliche Kosten nie bekannt wurden, selbst wenn es sich um eine Zahl handelt, die um die 3 Milliarden Euro sein sollte}^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>. Eine riesige Summe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Ein halbes Jahrhundert Spitzenverbindungen in \u00c4gypten<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{<\/sub>\u00a0_{\u00a0 Der M\u00e4rchen-Palast von Dar Al-Handasah in Kairo<\/strong><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n}}
Talal K. Shair wird einen engen Freund und Berater von Zedus Tochter Isabel Dos Santos, die er bei all ihren Operationen im Nahen Osten^{[95]<\/sup><\/a> unterst\u00fctzt und begleitet. Dar\u00fcber hinaus war Talal immer mit der MPLA verbunden}^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>, deren pragmatische und s\u00e4kulare Ideologie er zustimmt: Er selbst tr\u00e4umt von einem Islam, in dem Sunniten, Schiiten und Wahhabiten Br\u00fcder, und keine Feinde wie heute sind. In einem sehr jungen Alter, immer seinem Traum folgend, war Talal K. Shair ein Unterst\u00fctzer und Finanzier der Gr\u00fcndung der Bank Dar Al-Maal Al-Islami in Genf}^{[97]<\/sup><\/a>, einer Bank, die auf Initiative von Unternehmern, Fachleuten und \"aufgekl\u00e4rten\" saudischen Aristokraten geboren wurde.}^{[98]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dies sind Ideen, die von seinem Vater geerbt wurden: Sein Vater Kamal war dank seiner Freundschaft mit dem Dekan der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Architektur in Kairo an dem Projekt beteiligt, eine Gruppe von \u00f6ffentlichen H\u00e4usern zu bauen, die speziell f\u00fcr die Arbeiter in den \u00d6lquellen in der ost\u00e4gyptischen W\u00fcste gebaut wurden ^{[99]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcber seine Beratungsfirma Shair & Partners kam er mit dem Gr\u00fcnder der Muslimbruderschaft, Hassan Al-Banna}^{[100]<\/sup><\/a>, in Kontakt, um dann aber ohne Probleme auch mit Pr\u00e4sident Gamal Nasser}^{[101]<\/sup><\/a> und sp\u00e4ter mit Hosni Mubarak befreundet zu sein}^{[102]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Beide Pr\u00e4sidenten wussten, dass die Familie Shair mit der Islamischen Bruderschaft und Mohamed Morsi ^{[103]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden war und dass Kamal in den Jahren des Krieges mit ihm in der Milit\u00e4reinheit am Suezkanal}^{[104]<\/sup><\/a> aktiv war (wo Kamal sp\u00e4ter versuchte, mit seiner Firma Gesch\u00e4fte zu machen) und pflegte eine tiefe Verbindung mit der von Said Ramadan gef\u00fchrten Organisation, aber auch mit der \u00e4gyptischen politischen Macht. Dies gibt ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr das relationale Talent des Gr\u00fcnders von Dar Al-Handasah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Selbst im Libanon gelang es ihnen, Vater und Sohn, obwohl sie die Shair-Familie waren, die durch tiefe Freundschaften mit den Maroniten und der Gemayel-Familie und anschlie\u00dfend mit Pr\u00e4sident Rafic Hariri ^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> bekannt waren, sicherzustellen, dass auch nach dem Tod dieser beiden Pr\u00e4sidenten, und die Macht\u00fcbernahme durch die Hisbollah, alles ohne Hindernisse weiterging}^{[106]<\/sup><\/a>. Mit dem \u00dcbergang der F\u00fchrung der Gruppe von Kamal zu seinem Sohn Talal und nach der Entdeckung der Rolle von Herminio Escorcio (der, sobald \"Zedu\" die Pr\u00e4sidentschaft verlor, zum R\u00fccktritt gezwungen wurde}^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>) musste Dar Al-Handasah sich von seinem alten angolanischen Mitarbeiter zu trennen. Seit dem, hat Talal einen neuen Assistenten ernannt, den libanesischen Ramzi Klink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Klink war nicht nur Manager der Holdinggesellschaft der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in Dubai, sondern wurde auch in den Verwaltungsrat der FESA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Eduardo Dos Santos de Angola) berufen und wurde zum Bindeglied zwischen der Familie Shair und der Familie Dos Santos in der Management der Annahme und Verteilung angolanischer Bestechungsgelder in Verbindung mit von Dos Santos kontrollierten Unternehmen wie Angoalissar und Arosfram \u2013 und vor allem in Suninvest, einem Chemie- und Pharmaindustriekonzern, in dem Klink, Dar Al-Handasah und die Familie Dos Santos ^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> - bis zur Beschlagnahme, die durch ein Pr\u00e4sidialdekret im Juni 2019}^{[109]<\/sup><\/a> betrieben wurde - einen Anteil besa\u00dfen}^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>, wovon sie heute die Existenz leugnen}^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>. Es sind alle Unternehmen, an denen (nach Angaben angolanischer und portugiesischer Ermittler) die Hisbollah unter Vermittlung von Ramzi Klink bis 2019 beteiligt waren oder f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung geheimer Handelstransaktionen n\u00fctzlich waren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es ist l\u00e4ngst nicht alles. In den 1990er Jahren war Kamal Shair ^{[112]<\/sup><\/a> ein starker Freund und Industriepartner der PLO und von Yasser Arafat, der ihn in den Verwaltungsrat der PDI Palestine Development and Investment Company berief, die immer noch eines der R\u00fcckgrate der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Machtstruktur in Ramallah ist}^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>. Was den Irak betrifft, so waren auch die Beziehungen zu Saddam Hussein ausgezeichnet, und nach dem Sturz des Diktators \u00e4nderten sie sich nicht: Zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes war Kamal A. Shair ein einflussreiches Mitglied der Engineering Union von Bagdad}^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
W\u00e4hrend der Jahre des Irak-Krieges hatte Kamal gegen das von den Amerikanern gegen Saddam Hussein verh\u00e4ngte Embargo gek\u00e4mpft - oder besser gesagt, er wollte, dass seine Heimat Jordanien ein offener Kanal f\u00fcr den irakischen Handel geblieben w\u00e4re ^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>. Unmittelbar danach wurde Shair zum Bef\u00fcrworter der Nachkriegshilfe, um Bagdad zu zwingen, Mitglied des liberalen und kapitalistischen Westens zu werden}^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>. Dar Al-Handasah hat eine wichtige Niederlassung in Istanbul}^{[117]<\/sup><\/a> und mehrere am Persischen Golf - Saudi-Arabien, Bahrain, Katar, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Jordanien, Syrien und Iran eingeschlossen, obwohl es sich um L\u00e4nder handelt}^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>, die manchmal \u00e4u\u00dferst schwierige Beziehungen zueinander haben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Der Skandal des Barrio von Boa Vista<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
$\"\"$ <\/figure>\n\n\n\n
_{Das Barrio von Boa Vista vorm Eintreffen von den Bulldozern von Dar Al-Handasah<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Die Grenze zwischen Beratungs- oder Korruptionsgelder ist schwer zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund wurde die Rolle der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe in einer anderen Ausgabe nie vollst\u00e4ndig gekl\u00e4rt: die Abbruchlizenzen der Luanda-Slums von Boa Vista und die Auftr\u00e4ge f\u00fcr^{[119]<\/sup><\/a> den Bau neuer Geb\u00e4ude}^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>, eines Kraftwerks und einer Strecke der Autobahn anstelle der selbstgebastelten H\u00fctten}^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>. Das Barrio von Boa Vista war aufgrund der wilden Verst\u00e4dterung w\u00e4hrend}^{[122]<\/sup><\/a> des B\u00fcrgerkriegs spontan gewachsen und umfasste \u00fcber 30.000 Menschen, die ohne flie\u00dfendes Wasser, ohne Strom, ohne Abwasser lebten \u2013 in einem Gebiet, dass in der 1975 am Rande der Stadt war, aber 25 Jahre sp\u00e4ter war es zentral geworden war}^{[123]<\/sup><\/a>. Die Situation in Boa Vista war so ernst, dass 2006 eine Cholera-Epidemie ausbrach.}^{[124]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im Fr\u00fchjahr 2001 brachen zahlreiche heftige Regenf\u00e4lle ^{[125]<\/sup><\/a> einige H\u00fctten zusammen und nach beh\u00f6rdlichen Kontrollen stellte sich heraus, dass 10% nun schwer besch\u00e4digt und unbewohnbar waren. W\u00e4hrend der Provinzrat entscheidet, was zu tun ist, unterzeichnet Pr\u00e4sident Dos Santos ein Dekret, das die \u00f6rtliche Polizei auffordert, die Einwohner sofort zu vertreiben - eine echte Deportation in einige Zeltst\u00e4dte am Rande der Stadt, die damit begr\u00fcndet wurde, dass es unm\u00f6glich gewesen w\u00e4re}^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>, die Gegend rasch zu sanieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Im August desselben Jahres wurde auf der Dar Al-Handasah-Website eine Ank\u00fcndigung ver\u00f6ffentlicht: Bis 2002 w\u00e4ren 583 Neuwohnungen in Boa Vista (Luanda) fertig. Diejenigen, die buchen m\u00f6chten, sollten die E-Mail-Adresse des Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Angola anschreiben \u2013 die von der Gruppe kontrollierte Holdinggesellschaft in Luanda ^{[127]<\/sup><\/a>. Die libanesische Gruppe plant den freien Abriss der H\u00fctten und anschlie\u00dfend den Bau der neuen H\u00e4user, der Autobahn und des Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage einer vertraulichen Vereinbarung mit der Gr\u00fcndung der Familie Dos Santos (FESA), die offiziell Eigent\u00fcmer der neuen Geb\u00e4ude ist, ver\u00e4u\u00dfert aber alle Verkaufs- und Mieteinnahmen an die Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe.}^{[128]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Dar Al-Handasah vergibt das Projekt an Sonils ^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>, ein Bau- und Logistikberatungsunternehmen, das mit Isabel Dos Santos}^{[130]<\/sup><\/a> verbunden ist und (offiziell) von Sonangol kontrolliert wird. Das urspr\u00fcngliche Projekt (das mehrere andere Subunternehmer f\u00fcr die tats\u00e4chliche Arbeit bezahlt}^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>) wird mit einem Autobahnkreuz, zwei Schwimmb\u00e4der und ein Restaurant erg\u00e4nzt, und sp\u00e4ter auch mit einem Einkaufszentrum und das neue Hauptquartier von Sonils}^{[132]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 ein gehasstes Geb\u00e4ude}^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>, dass im Februar 2018, aufgrund der Frust der Bev\u00f6lkerung, Gegenstand der Brandwut von Personen sein wird, die nie identifiziert wurden}^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>; Der Skandal bricht aus, der Direktor von Dar Al-Handasah Angola, Ramzi Link, muss seinen Posten verlassen, er flieht nach S\u00fcdamerika}^{[135]<\/sup><\/a> und gr\u00fcndet das Bauberatungsunternehmen Tramma Consulting Group in Junin (Peru)}^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>, mit dem ein bestimmter Rafael Loredo Chup\u00e1n zusammenarbeitet, der von Beruf die vom peruanischen Staat vergebenen Beschaffungsauftr\u00e4ge \u00fcberwacht.}^{[137]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Seine Flucht wurde durch die Tatsache notwendig, dass unter den Schl\u00e4gen der angolanischen Justiz das Finanzimperium von Isabel Dos Santos nun zusammenbricht und die Banken auf der ganzen Welt beginnen, sie um das Geld zu bitten, das sie ihr geliehen haben, weil sie eine neue Holding gegr\u00fcndet hat, die Efacec, wohin sie so viel Geld wie m\u00f6glich einzahlen wollte, dass sie dem Staat gestohlen oder als Zahlung f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4lligkeiten und Gesch\u00e4fte von zweifelhafter Legitimit\u00e4t erhalten hatte.^{[138]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Gleichzeitig m\u00fcssen sich sowohl Klink als auch Zedu's Tochter daf\u00fcr verantworten, dass sie in den letzten drei\u00dfig Jahren Menschen auf internationalen schwarzen Listen, n\u00e4mlich libanesischen Hisbollah-F\u00fchrern wie Kassim Tajideen und seine Verwandte Mohammed, Ali und Husayn, Zusch\u00fcsse und diplomatischen Schutz gew\u00e4hrt zu haben. Damit haben die Tajideen in Angola, manchmal mit finanzieller Unterst\u00fctzung der Dar Al-Handasah-Gruppe und der FESA-Stiftung, Unternehmen gegr\u00fcndet, die dank staatlicher Vertr\u00e4ge \u00fcberleben: Golfrate Holdings Lda. Luanda, Afri Belg Com\u00e9rcio e Ind\u00fastria Lda. Luanda und Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7\u00f5es Sarl Luanda ^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
Es besteht kein Zweifel: Die Dar Al-Handasah Group wird all diese St\u00fcrme \u00fcberleben und kann, da sie mit Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet, mit Stolz auf \u00fcber 60 Jahre Industriegeschichte zur\u00fcckblicken. Wissend, dass es in pers\u00f6nliche Beziehungen investiert wurde, und dass die Bestechung der Politik und der Milit\u00e4r viel mehr Geld eingespielt habe als gekostet. Nicht immer, wie das Sprichwort sagt, geht das Mehl des Teufels nur in Kleie (\u00fcbersetzt: Alles, was fr\u00fcher oder sp\u00e4ter mit Unehrlichkeit erhalten wird, wird auf diejenigen zur\u00fcckschlagen, die es bekommen haben). Viel h\u00e4ufiger ist es unm\u00f6glich, in der gro\u00dfen Verwirrung, festzustellen, welches die Mahlzeit des Teufels ist, und welche nicht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
^{[1]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200805004609\/https:\/\/shiparrested.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/The-Arrest-News-11th-issue.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.westpandi.com\/publications\/news\/points-to-consider-if-your-ship-is-arrested\/#:~:text=An%20arrest%20is%20a%20court,of%20arrest%20and%20an%20affidavit<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.b92.net\/info\/vesti\/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=06&nav_category=78&nav_id=1716018<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.oslobodjenje.ba\/vijesti\/svijet\/ovo-je-ruski-tajkun-koji-je-ostavio-brod-pun-eksploziva-kasnije-je-razoren-bejrut-579613<\/a> ; https:\/\/vfokusu.com\/post\/553787\/libanonske-oblasti-so-na-koncu-izpustile-sest-od-desetih-clanov-posadke-stirje-pa-so-skoraj-eno-leto-ostali-ujeti-na-ladji-polni-eksplozivnega-tovora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[4]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[5]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/08\/05\/beirut-explosion-death-toll-rises-to-135-as-5000-wounded-live\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-53720383<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[6]<\/sup><\/a> Jonas Lindberg, Camilla Orjuela, \u201cCorruption in the aftermath of war: an introduction<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThird World Quarterly<\/em>\u201d, vol. 35\/5, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London 2014, pages 723-736 \u2013 see}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01436597.2014.921421<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[7]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africa-express.info\/2019\/07\/13\/malgoverno-sfruttamento-e-corruzione-ecco-perche-il-ricco-continente-africano-non-decolla\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[8]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[9]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gulf-States-Construction-Boom-The-1385117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[10]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[11]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[12]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mountaineagle.com\/stories\/world-bank-funded-dam-in-lebanon-mirrors-governance-crisis,28157<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalcompact-lebanon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Brochure-Corruption.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[13]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[14]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/omerjournal.com\/2020\/07\/03\/remembered-one-hundred-years-later-al-salt-transjordan-and-the-first-world-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[15]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[17]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[18]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.kamalshair.info\/#\/activism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[19]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/environment-analyst.com\/global\/71459\/lebanons-dar-group-in-search-of-global-recognition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[21]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[22]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/277581301_Learning_from_Beirut_From_Modernism_to_Contemporary_Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[23]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/reportage.corriere.it\/esteri\/2015\/quando-beirut-era-la-svizzera-dorata\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[24]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/medium.com\/@Mussaad\/kuwaitechture-eaf5a6a14167<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[25]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/archinect.com\/dargroup<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/overview<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[26]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[27]<\/sup><\/a> William Dalrymple, \u201cFrom the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East<\/em>\u201d. Vintage Books (Random House), New York 1997, page 252-253<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[28]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.waze.com\/en\/livemap\/directions\/qatar\/onaiza\/dar-al-handasah-consultants-(shair-and-partners)?place=w.33751293.337644004.11451053&utm_expid=.NMSW4Hk_Rg6AFGKx-rAj4A.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[29]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.venturemagazine.me\/2014\/12\/building-jordan-dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[30]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/about\/history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[31]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance\/fr\/document\/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[32]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.csbe.org\/material-on-water-conservation-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[36]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2015-01-14\/egypts-deep-state-gets-back-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[37]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2019-12-18\/dar-worley-takeover-mired-in-political-intrigue\/11802584<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
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^{[43]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[44]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[45]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51128950<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[46]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonangol.co.ao\/English\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[47]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2016\/07\/sonangols-debt-woes\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/luanda-leaks\/how-africas-richest-woman-exploited-family-ties-shell-companies-and-inside-deals-to-build-an-empire\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[48]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.arabbank.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[51]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/qp.com.qa\/en\/Pages\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[52]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.com\/oil--gas\/2006\/01\/11\/the-local-oil-barons,16953767-eve<\/a> ; https:\/\/hotcopper.com.au\/threads\/rubbing-shoulders-with-the-elite.657801\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[53]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.myqbd.com\/qatar-companies\/dar-al-handasah-consultants<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[54]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[55]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kerryadolan\/2013\/08\/14\/how-isabel-dos-santos-took-the-short-route-to-become-africas-richest-woman\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[59]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/content\/publications\/i4\/darmagazinei4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[60]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.asiatraveltips.com\/news05\/195-Dubai.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[61]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[62]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2012\/01\/30\/economia\/noticia\/manuel-vicente-deixa-a-presidencia-da-sonangol-1531437<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[63]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.defrentealcampo.com.ar\/entrevista-a-herminio-joaquin-escorcio-embajador-de-angola-en-su-visita-a-la-pampa-argentina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[64]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2009\/12\/29\/8329\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[65]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2011\/10\/45\/Embaixador-Herminio-Escorcio-apresenta-Cartas-Credenciais,1ebbf236-7afe-44e3-a4ca-bcda2327a5f4.html<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.embaixadadeangola.pt\/relacoes-entre-governos-provinciais-de-angola-e-da-argentina-sao-proficuos\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.botschaftangola.de\/pt-pt\/embaixada\/galeria-dos-embaixadores<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[66]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/806e7d95-7921-43fb-8bbf-8100ae295fd1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[67]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-51221737<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[68]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/mpla.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[69]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/africaandindianocean\/angola\/1403050\/As-guerrilla-war-ends-corruption-now-bleeds-Angola-to-death.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[70]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/tag\/general-kopelipa-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[71]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/2020\/09\/angolan-corruption-case-snares-irene-neto\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[72]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/9\/40\/IGAE-vows-crackdown-corruption-Angola,fc3732cd-0cc3-4ee6-8b6c-5233fac42431.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[73]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[74]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.limesonline.com\/cartaceo\/luanda-una-citta-in-conflitto?prv=true<\/a> ; http:\/\/cvc.instituto-camoes.pt\/dmdocuments\/lo_spazio_urbano.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[75]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1981-1988\/lebanon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[76]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/archives\/speech\/remarks-president-reagan-and-president-amin-gemayel-lebanon-following-their-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[77]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Gemayel-family<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[78]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.ilfoglio.it\/ritratti\/1999\/11\/30\/news\/amin-gemayel-355\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[80]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02589001.2012.724874?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cjca20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[81]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[82]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dailynewsegypt.com\/tag\/dar-al-handasah\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[83]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/dlca.logcluster.org\/display\/public\/DLCA\/2.1.1+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Port+of+Matadi<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.worldportsource.com\/ports\/COD_Port_of_Matadi_2212.php<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[84]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.bollore-ports.com\/en\/media\/news.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[85]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/mercado.co.ao\/economia\/polo-industrial-do-futila-tem-nova-comissao-instaladora-JD533821<\/a> ; https:\/\/pt.globalvoices.org\/2017\/01\/16\/ha-mais-militares-do-que-populacao-em-cabinda-diz-ativista-angolano-marcos-mavungo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/minbos.com\/cabinda-phosphate-project\/?lang=pt-br<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[86]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-e-abdel-fattah-al-sisi.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[88]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/timep.org\/esw\/state-actors\/abdel-fattah-el-sisi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[89]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/fr_fr\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/3\/16\/Ambassade-Angola-Argentine-offre-des-photos-Che-Guevara,6a4f339b-e188-4934-ae8c-883f4f3c8273.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[90]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.aub.edu.lb\/AboutUs\/bot\/currentmembers\/Pages\/shair.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[91]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/work\/project\/national-assembly-building-of-angola<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[93]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/reconstrucao-nacional\/2012\/1\/5\/Moradias-projecto-Minha-Casa-Meu-Sonho-prontas-este-mes,4700f2a6-303e-4667-b867-72848bbb2337.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[94]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/afraf\/article-abstract\/116\/462\/80\/2645426?redirectedFrom=fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[95]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/makingkilling\/greasing-skids-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[96]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.africaintelligence.fr\/petrole-et-gaz_strategies-etat\/2020\/05\/21\/le-gouverneur-lu%C3%ADs-nunes-proche-de-lourenco-partenaire-de-gemcorp-pour-la-raffinerie-de-cabinda,108405924-ar1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[101]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/it.insideover.com\/schede\/politica\/chi-era-gamal-nasser.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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^{[103]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mohamed-Morsi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[104]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32173-4_10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[105]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 228-229 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[106]<\/sup><\/a> Deen S. Sharp, \u201cCorporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon<\/em>\u201d, Dissertation, City University of New York, New York 2018, pages 213, 238-239 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[107]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/jornaldeangola.sapo.ao\/politica\/exonerado-embaixador-herminio-escorcio-entre-as-mexidas-no-corpo-diplomatico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[108]<\/sup><\/a> Justin Pearce, \u201cAn Outbreak of Peace: Angola's Situation of Confusion<\/em>\u201d, New Africa Books, Cape Town 2005, pages 22-24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[109]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/macauhub.com.mo\/2019\/06\/14\/pt-pgr-de-angola-obtem-arresto-de-tres-fabricas-texteis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[110]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.clbrief.com\/angola-begins-nationalisation-of-assets-acquired-with-public-funds\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.makaangola.org\/?s=Suninvest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[111]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/pt_pt\/noticias\/politica\/2019\/1\/8\/Suninvest-nega-ligacao-FESA,ca181151-93da-482b-a18c-47996d418feb.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[112]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/expresso.pt\/dossies\/dossiest_actualidade\/dos_hezbollah\/omnipresentes-nos-negocios=f94722<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[113]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/larouchepub.com\/eiw\/public\/1994\/eirv21n28-19940715\/eirv21n28-19940715_040-yasser_arafat_makes_triumphal_re.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[114]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/feaweb.aub.edu.lb\/feasac\/4\/kamal_shair.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[115]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-1995-08-15-mn-35333-story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[116]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/ips-dc.org\/spoilers_gatecrash_the_iraq_spoils_party\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[117]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/asia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[118]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.dar.com\/contact\/region\/middle-east<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[119]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.solucionesdegestion.net\/en\/portfolio\/the-boavista-ii-thermal-power-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[120]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.angop.ao\/angola\/en_us\/noticias\/politica\/2015\/0\/3\/Minister-highlights-importance-Boavista-Sambizanga-project,a666312f-c3b2-40b2-81ed-947e99735bed.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[121]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/national-security\/making-a-killing\/greasing-the-skids-of-corruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[122]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/223030016_Luanda_-_city_profile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[123]<\/sup><\/a> Borja Monreal, \u201cSer pobre<\/em>\u201d, La Huerta Grande, Madrid 2019 ;}https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjsk7Sx8pnsAhXL-qQKHXz9DtYQFjAMegQIBhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdisasters%2Frepo%2F6670.doc&usg=AOvVaw32fxQuqPLjGd9MZWZ94C4I<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[124]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.consumer.es\/solidaridad\/la-epidemia-del-colera.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[125]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.angonet.org\/dw\/sites\/default\/files\/online_lib_files\/analysis_of_angolan_historic_rainfall_data.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[126]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/hic-gs.org\/news.php?pid=537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[127]<\/sup><\/a> L\u2019annuncio \u00e8 stato cancellato dal web dopo l\u2019esplosione dello scandalo, non ci \u00e8 stato possibile recuperarlo<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[128]<\/sup><\/a> Sylvia Croese, \u201cState-led housing delivery as an instrument of developmental patrimonialism: The case of post-war Angola<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cAfrican Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 116, Issue # 452, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2016, pages 80-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n}
^{[129]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[130]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201606040183.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[131]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.tcontas.ao\/assets\/uploads\/pdf\/16580c721b2484c32b80b48dfe0f2ed7.PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[132]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/www.sonils.co.ao\/en\/index\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[133]<\/sup><\/a>}http:\/\/tpa.sapo.ao\/noticias\/economia\/viaduto-do-kilamba-inaugurado-esta-sexta-feira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[134]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.garda.com\/crisis24\/news-alerts\/94021\/angola-fire-ignites-in-boa-vista-luanda-february-28<\/a> ; https:\/\/angola-online.net\/noticias\/base-da-sonils-esta-em-chamas<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[135]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2001\/aug\/18\/3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[136]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.universidadperu.com\/empresas\/tramma-consulting-group.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[137]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rafael-loredo-chup%C3%A1n-58860524\/?originalSubdomain=pe<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[138]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2020\/01\/24\/economia\/noticia\/lsabel-santos-poe-participacao-maioritaria-efacec-venda-1901565<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dinheirovivo.pt\/banca\/1414144\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
^{[139]<\/sup><\/a>}https:\/\/luandapost.com\/post-edit=Angola-paraiso-do-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"die-dunkle-seite-des-kolosses-dar-al-handasah","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:35","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4605","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":36},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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originally published: 22 March 2021 | origin: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cnx753jejv7t/mauritania Mauritania has resumed diplomatic relations with Qatar after a four-year freeze. Foreign...

Mauritania’s ex-president charged with corruption

by Research Staff
Februar 2, 2025
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originally published: 11 March 2021 | origin: https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cnx753jejv7t/mauritania A former president of Mauritania has been charged with corruption, money laundering...

Die dunkle Seite des Kolosses Dar Al-Handasah

by Research Staff
Februar 2, 2025
0

© IBI World Limited Am 4. August 2020, kurz nach sechs Uhr nachmittags, explodierten, im Hafengebiet von Beirut, der Hauptstadt...

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